The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor "Quasi una fantasia",
Op. 27, No. 2, by Ludwig van Beethoven, is popularly known as
the "Moonlight" Sonata (Mondscheinsonate in German). The work
was completed in 1801 and rumored to be dedicated to his pupil,
17-year-old Countess Giulietta Guicciardi, with whom Beethoven
was, or had been, in love.
The name "Moonlight" Sonata derives from an 1832 description of
the first movement by music critic Ludwig Rellstab, who compared
it to moonlight shining upon Lake Lucerne.
Beethoven included the phrase "Quasi una fantasia" (Italian:
Almost like a fantasy) in the title partly because the sonata
does not follow the traditional sonata pattern where the first
movement is in regular sonata form, and where the three or four
movements are arranged in a fast-slow-[fast]-fast sequence.
The work is possibly the most familiar of all Beethoven's piano
sonatas, and is widely performed and recorded.
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Sheet Music Digital PDF File - Moonlight Sonata - 1st Movement